Day 1 CPT (Curricular Practical Training) has been under increasing scrutiny, especially with the recent report by Bloomberg, which shed light on the controversies and implications surrounding these programs. As more international students seek ways to maximize their work-study opportunities in the U.S., it is essential to understand the legal framework that underpins Day 1 CPT and the potential risks involved. This article aims to clarify the legality of Day 1 CPT by examining relevant USCIS regulations and discussing the possible legal challenges associated with Day 1 CPT programs.
Day 1 CPT Comprehensive Guide: Is Day 1 CPT Legal?
USCIS Regulations on Full-Time CPT
USCIS Regulations on Online Courses
Legal Considerations of Day 1 CPT
CPT is a work authorization for F-1 international students. CPT work must be directly related to the student’s field of study and must be authorized by the Designated School Official (DSO) at their institution. Most F-1 students use CPT for internships during summer breaks. While USCIS regulations permit both part-time and full-time CPT, the guidelines for full-time CPT are more stringent. To qualify for full-time CPT, students must demonstrate that the employment is essential for their program requirements, such as internships or cooperative education.
Generally, international students must wait one academic year before using CPT. However, according to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services,
“Students enrolled in master’s degree or doctorate programs that require immediate participation in CPT are exempt from the one-academic-year eligibility rule” (see Footnote 9).
This special rule has led some higher education institutions to design graduate programs that allow students to use CPT for full-time employment from the first day of enrollment. However, the USCIS advises that CPT should not replace the academic core of an F-1 student’s degree program. Schools must justify how Day 1 CPT is essential for the academic curriculum. Thus, a credible Day 1 CPT school should require its students to meet academic requirements, including attending classes and completing assignments.
The USCIS has placed limitations on online courses for F-1 students. Federal regulations state that only one online course (up to 3 credits) can count toward the full-time course load per semester for F-1 students. While Day 1 CPT students can take online courses, they must ensure that their course of study complies with these rules to prevent violations that could jeopardize their F-1 status.
This policy also explains why many Day 1 CPT universities and colleges require students to attend on-site sessions. As a Day 1 CPT student, you may be required to attend on-site classes monthly or once per semester, depending on your school's policy. Meeting this requirement helps demonstrate compliance with immigration regulations. However, failing to meet this standard could lead to the termination of your F-1 status.
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Day 1 CPT offers valuable opportunities for immediate practical training, but it is essential to be aware of the associated legal risks to protect your F-1 status. Here are key points to consider:
Day 1 CPT and RFE: What Should You be Prepared for？
Day 1 CPT can be an excellent opportunity for students seeking immediate practical training, but it is crucial to understand the legal requirements and maintaining compliance are essential. By choosing accredited programs, meeting academic obligations, and keeping thorough documentation, students can maximize the benefits of Day 1 CPT while protecting their F-1 status and future visa opportunities.
If you have any questions about Day 1 CPT, book a free consultation with us. We will address all your concerns.